SEMESTER TSPECIAL EXAMINATION (CAT TWO)
MODULE CODE: PST 05210
MODULE NAME: BASIC PHARMACOGNOSY
TIME: 2:00 HOURS DATE: ……………………….
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read all instructions carefully.
2. Write your examination number on every page of question paper and answer sheets.
3. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Each essay question should be answered on not more than three (3) hand written pages.
5. No additional answer sheet will be provided.
6. Failure to follow instructions will lead to the loss of marks.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
|
SECTION |
TYPES OF QUESTIONS |
ALLOCATED MARKS |
SCORED MARKS |
INITIALS OF MARKER |
INITIALS OF VERIFIER |
|
A |
MULTIPLE CHOICE |
10 |
|
|
|
|
B |
MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE |
10 |
|
|
|
|
C |
MATCHING ITEMS |
10 |
|
|
|
|
D |
SHORT ANSWER |
40 |
|
|
|
|
E |
ESSAY |
30 |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
100 |
|
|
|
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
Instructions:
· This section consists of ten (10) questions
· Choose the LETTER of the most correct answer and write it in the box provided using CAPITAL letter
· One mark will be awarded for each correct answer
· Response with SMALL letter will NOT be awarded any mark
1. Which of the following alkaloids have oncolytic effect?
a. Vinblastine
b. Tropane
c. Ergometrine
d. Calabar beans
e. Pilocarpus
2. Which of the following crystals forms the skeleton of diatoms ........
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Silica crystals
c. Calcium carbonate crystals
d. Hesperidin and Diosmin
e. Cystolith
3. The following is correct about Cocoa ?
a. Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 2% theobromine and the husk 0.9- 2.98% of this alkaloid
b. Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid
c. Cocoa kernels contain 0.19 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid
d. Cocoa kernels contain -0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 3.0% of this alkaloid
e. The seed also contains 0.5 – 0.6% caffeine, cocoa fat/butter, condensed tannins and volatile compounds
4. Reserpine is the major alkaloid constituent of which of the following medicinal plant?...........
a. Ergot
b. Rhubarb
c. Aloe
d. Rauwolfia
e. Vinca
5. Omega 3 fatty acid is among the constituents of the following fixed oil.....
a. Olive oil
b. Castor oil
c. Coconut oil
d. Cod liver oil
e. Peanut oil
6. An example of steroidal alkaloids is .........................?
a. Purines
b. Theophylline
c. Caffeine
d. Connesine
e. Theobromine
7. Brucine is the constituent of which of the following medicinal plant ………………..
a. Cascara
b. Rhubarb
c. Nux vomica
d. Ergot
e. Calabar beans
8. Pomade classification of volatile oil is obtained by........
a. Uses solvent
b. Extraction with resinous materials
c. Remains after alcoholic extraction from pomades or concretes
d. Obtained by enfleurage (hot or cold)
e. An example is jasmine oil
9. An example of medicinal plant which contain Hesperidin and Diosmin crystal is .........
a. Lemon
b. Cardamom seeds
c. Cannabis sativa
d. Cassava
e. Belladonna
10. Which compound required long storage in order to avoid vomiting in fresh bark of Cascara?
a. Aloe-emodin
b. Rhein
c. Anthrones
d. Resins
e. Barbaloin
SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE FALSE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS
Instructions:
· This section consists of four (4) questions with five (5) option each
· Write the word TRUE and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and FALSE, NOT letter ‘ F ‘ for incorrect statement in the space provided for each option
· All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
· Half (1/2) will be awarded for each correct response
· Responses with letters ‘T’ and ‘F’ will not be awarded any mark
· There will be a penalty of half (1/2) of the allocated marks for response in small letters
1. Regarding constituents of Calabar Beans.............
A. ………. Geneserine
B. ………. Physostigmine
C. ……….. Strychnine
D. ……….Ξ±-colubrine
E. ……….. Reserpine
2. Chemical characteristics of fat and fixed oils ..............
A. ………. They are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols or closely related derivatives of alcohols
B. ……….. Most vegetable oils are liquid at ordinary temperature but animal fats are solid
C. ……….. Fixed oils and fats are soluble in ether-alcohol, few exceptions such as castor oil are sparingly soluble in alcohol
D. ………. Most animal products contain saturated fatty acids while most plant products contain unsaturated fatty acids
E. ……….. The fatty acids forming the oils can be saturated or unsaturated
3. Regarding squill .......
A. ………. The white squill contains Scillirosides in addition to the other glycosides
B. ………. Scillaren A is an amorphous mixture of glycosides
C. ……….. Scillaren B is crystalline in form
D. ……….family Liliaceae
E. ……….White squill is used as diuretics agents
4. Classification of the volatile oil basis on their functional groups...............
A. ……….. Oxide volatile oils e.g. Cinnamon
B. ………. Phenolic volatile oils e.g camphor
C. ………. Phenolic ether volatile oils e.g. fennel oil
D. ………. Aldehydic volatile oils e.g. lemon oil
E. ……….Hydrocarbon volatile oils e.g turpentine
SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS 10 MARKS
Instructions:
· This section consists of two (2) questions of matching with five (5) options each
· Match the items in column B with those in column A by writing the letter of the correct response in the space provided on each option. USE CAPITAL LETTERS
· Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark
· Each item from column B is used only once
1. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS
|
COLUMN A(MEDICINAL PLANTS) |
COLUMNN B (USES) |
|
1 ……….Pilocarpus |
A. Vincristine |
|
2 ………. Vinca |
B. lysergic acid diethylamide |
|
3 ………. Ergot |
C. Pilosine |
|
4 ………. Calabar |
D. Rhein |
|
5 ……….Rauwolfia |
E. Physostigmine |
|
|
F. Emodin |
|
|
G. Resinnamine |
2. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS
|
COLUMN A (MINERALS) |
COLUMN B (USES) |
|
1 ………. Pyrrole and Pyrolidine |
A. Cytisine |
|
2 ………. Pyrrolizidine |
B. Nicotine |
|
3 ………. Pyridine and Piperidine |
C. Emetine |
|
4 ………. Isoquinoline |
D. Castanospermine |
|
5 ………. Terpenoid |
E. Symphitine |
|
|
F. Hygrine |
|
|
G. Aconitine |
SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS
Instructions
· This section consists of eight (8) questions
· Write your answer in the space provided for each question
· Write in a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED
1. A. list two constituents of Curare (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. outline three kinds of curare depending on their containers and chemical characteristics
(3marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. List five chemical test for Alkaloids through precipitation reactions (5marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. With examples, Mention five General forms and sizes of crystals ( 5marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mention six uses of the volatile oils (6marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Outline four important processes included in Extraction of Fixed Oils and Fats (4marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. List five characteristics of glycosides (5 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Mention five uses of Belladonna (5marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Outline five characteristics of Typical/True Alkaloids (5marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
SECTION E: GUIDED ESSSAY QUESTIONS 30 MARKS
Instructions
· This section consists of two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in narrative way
· Write your answer on the papers provided. Each question start on a new page.
· Write a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED
1. Explain main two Proto-alkaloids under the following;
a. Natural sources
b. Constituents
c. Uses
2. Explain evaluation of Crude drugs with the following protocol ;
Organoleptic, Physical, Chemical, Microscopic and Biological evaluations
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