ACADEMIC ZONE

CONTINOUS ASSESMENT TWO

MODULE CODE: PST 05210

MODULE NAME: BASIC PHARMACOGNOSY

TIME: 2:00 HOURS DATE: ……………………….

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Read all instructions carefully.

2. Write your examination number on every page of question paper and answer sheets.

3. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

4. Each essay question should be answered on not more than three (3) hand written pages.

5. No additional answer sheet will be provided.

6. Failure to follow instructions will lead to the loss of marks.

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SECTION	TYPES OF QUESTIONS	ALLOCATED MARKS	SCORED MARKS	INITIALS OF MARKER	INITIALS OF VERIFIER
A	MULTIPLE CHOICE	10
B	MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE	10
C	MATCHING ITEMS	10
D	SHORT ANSWER	40
E	ESSAY	30
TOTAL		100

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

Instructions:

· This section consists of ten (10) questions

· Choose the LETTER of the most correct answer and write it in the box provided using CAPITAL letter

· One mark will be awarded for each correct answer

· Response with SMALL letter will NOT be awarded any mark

1. Which of the following alkaloids is used as a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase thus enhancing the effect of endogenous Acetylcholine

a. Vinblastine

b. Tropane

c. Ergometrine

d. Calabar beans

e. Pilocarpus

2. Which of the following alkaloids is not an example of Pseudoalkaloids............

a. Purines

b. Caffeine

c. Mescaline

d. Theophylline

e. Theobromine

3. Rhein is the constituent of which of the following medicinal plant?...........

a. Ergot

b. Rhubarb

c. Aloe

d. Rauwolfia

e. Vinca

4. Omega 3 fatty acid is among the constituents of the following fixed oil.....

a. Olive oil

b. Castor oil

c. Coconut oil

d. Cod liver oil

e. Peanut oil

5. The following is correct about Cocoa ?

a. Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 2% theobromine and the husk 0.9- 2.98% of this alkaloid

b. Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid

c. Cocoa kernels contain 0.19 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid

d. Cocoa kernels contain -0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 3.0% of this alkaloid

e. The seed also contains 0.5 – 0.6% caffeine, cocoa fat/butter, condensed tannins and volatile compounds

6. An example of steroidal alkaloids is .........................?

a. Purines

b. Theophylline

c. Caffeine

d. Connesine

e. Theobromine

7. Strichynine is the constituent of which of the following medicinal plant ……………….

a. Cascara

b. Rhubarb

c. Nux vomica

d. Ergot

e. Calabar beans

8. Absolute classification of volatile oil is obtained through........

a. Uses solvent

b. Extraction with resinous materials

c. Remains after alcoholic extraction from pomades or concretes

d. Obtained by enfleurage (hot or cold)

e. An example is jasmine oil

9. ......... is a solid wax obtained from mixed oils derived from the head and blubber of the sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus and the bottle-nosed whale, Hyperoodon rostratus.

a. Beef Wax

b. Spermaceti

c. Carnauba Wax

d. Yellow bees wax

e. White bees wax

10. Which compound required long storage in order to avoid vomiting in fresh bark of Cascara?

a. Aloe-emodin

b. Rhein

c. Anthrones

d. Resins

e. Barbaloin

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE FALSE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:

· This section consists of four (4) questions with five (5) option each

· Write the word TRUE and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and FALSE, NOT letter ‘ F ‘ for incorrect statement in the space provided for each option

· All responses should be in CAPITAL letters

· Half (¹/₂) will be awarded for each correct response

· Responses with letters ‘T’ and ‘F’ will not be awarded any mark

· There will be a penalty of half (¹/₂) of the allocated marks for response in small letters

1. Regarding constituents of Calabar Beans.............

A. ………. Geneserine

B. ………. Physostigmine

C. ……….. Strychnine

D. ……….α-colubrine

E. ……….. Reserpine

2. Chemical characteristics of fat and fixed oils ..............

A. ………. They are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols or closely related derivatives of alcohols

B. ……….. Most vegetable oils are liquid at ordinary temperature but animal fats are solid

C. ……….. Fixed oils and fats are soluble in ether-alcohol, few exceptions such as castor oil are sparingly soluble in alcohol

D. ………. Most animal products contain saturated fatty acids while most plant products contain unsaturated fatty acids

E. ……….. The fatty acids forming the oils can be saturated or unsaturated

3. Regarding squill .......

A. ………. The white squill contains Scillirosides in addition to the other glycosides

B. ………. Scillaren A is an amorphous mixture of glycosides

C. ……….. Scillaren B is crystalline in form

D. ……….family Liliaceae

E. ……….White squill is used as diuretics agents

4. Classification of the volatile oil basis on their functional groups...............

A. ……….. Oxide volatile oils e.g. Cinnamon

B. ………. Phenolic volatile oils e.g camphor

C. ………. Phenolic ether volatile oils e.g. fennel oil

D. ………. Aldehydic volatile oils e.g. lemon oil

E. ……….Hydrocarbon volatile oils e.g turpentine

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:

· This section consists of two (2) questions of matching with five (5) options each

· Match the items in column B with those in column A by writing the letter of the correct response in the space provided on each option. USE CAPITAL LETTERS

· Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark

· Each item from column B is used only once

1. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS

COLUMN A(MEDICINAL PLANTS)	COLUMNN B (USES)
1 ……….Pilocarpus	A. used to control postpartum haemorrhage
2 ………. Vinca	B. used as a centrally acting anti-hypertensive agent
3 ………. Ergot	C. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma
4 ………. Calabar	D. It is a physiological antagonist of Atropine
5 ……….Rauwolfia	E. treatment of generalized Hodgkin’s disease
	F. As an aphrodisiac agent
	G. laxative

2. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS

COLUMN A (MINERALS)	COLUMN B (USES)
1 ………. Kaolin	A. Dusting powder
2 ………. Asbestos	B. Antacid
3 ………. Talc	C. Emulsion.cosmetics
4 ………. Bentonite	D. For bacteria filter
5 ………. Prepared chalk	E. Filtration
	F. filtration aid
	G. In gastric affection

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS

Instructions

· This section consists of eight (8) questions

· Write your answer in the space provided for each question

· Write in a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED

1. A. Define Anthraquinone Glycoside (1marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. List four drugs which contain Anthraquinone Glycosides (4marks)

2. List five constituents of Ergot (5marks)

Water soluble (Three constituents)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Water insoluble (Two constituents)

3. Mention five classification of poisonous plant ( 5marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Mention six examples of classification of Glycosides based on chemical nature of the aglycone (6marks)

5. Enlist four Tropane alkaloids (4marks)

6. List the following concerning Cod-liver oil (5 marks)

a. Constituents (at least three)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Uses (at least two)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. A. List two groups of cardiac glycosides (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

B. what is the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides (3marks)

8. Mention five physical standards of fat and fixed oils (5marks)

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSSAY QUESTIONS 30 MARKS

Instructions

· This section consists of two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in narrative way

· Write your answer on the papers provided. Each question start on a new page.

· Write a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED

1. Explain Lanolin and Wool Fats, and Lard under the following;

a. Natural sources

b. Constituents

c. Uses (at least three)

2. Explain four stages of Stas-Otto Method of extraction of alkaloids

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