FITNESS PAPER

1. Which of the following alkaloids is used as a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase thus enhancing the effect of endogenous Acetylcholine

a. Vinblastine

b. Tropane

c. Ergometrine

d. Calabar beans

e. Pilocarpus

2. Brucine is the toxic compound found in Nux vomica which is used commercially for........

a. Stimulate peristalsis in chronic constipation

b. Improves the pulse and raise the blood pressure

c. Bitter stomachich and tonic

d. Alcohol denaturant

e. Sedative

3. Rhein is the constituent of which of the following medicinal plant?...........

a. Ergot

b. Rhubarb

c. Aloe

d. Rauwolfia

e. Vinca

4. Lauric acid is the chief constituents of .....

a) Olive oil

b) Castor oil

c) Coconut oil

d) Cod liver oil

e) Peanut oil

5. Which alkaloids test positive for Vitali-Morin test?

a. Ergot

b. Vinclistine

c. Pilocarpine

d. Isopilosine

e. Hyoscine

6. castor oil is obtained from .........

a. Gadus morrhua

b. Arachis hypogaea

c. Ricinus communis

d. Catharanthus roseus

e. Claviceps purpurea

7. Which of the following is an alkaloid with a purine skeleton?

a. Hygrine

b. Ephedrine

c. Strychnine

d. Theobromine

e. Solanidine

8. Nutrients for the embryo are supplied by;........

a. Epidermis

b. Endoderm

c. Testa

d. Endocarp

e. Endosperm

9. Regarding definition of Cottonseed Oil.........

a. is a fixed oil expressed from seeds of Gossypium hirustum family Malvaceae

b. is a fixed oil obtained by expression or extraction from the seeds of Cocos nucifera (Palmae)

c. is a fixed oil obtained from the dried, ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed), family Linaceae

d. is a fixed oil obtained by expression from kernels of Prunus amygdalus, family Rosaceae Var dulcis

e. is an oil that has a strong peppermint odour and produces a cooling sensation in the mouth obtained by distillation

10. Example of plants that requires open air drying are;

a. Cascara and clove

b. Clove and cinnamon

c. Ginger and clove

d. Cascara and colocunth

e. Cinnamon and rhubarb

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE FALSE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:

· This section consists of four (4) questions with five (5) option each

· Write the word TRUE and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and FALSE, NOT letter ‘ F ‘ for incorrect statement in the space provided for each option

· All responses should be in CAPITAL letters

· Half (¹/₂) will be awarded for each correct response

· Responses with letters ‘T’ and ‘F’ will not be awarded any mark

· There will be a penalty of half (¹/₂) of the allocated marks for response in small letters

1. Regarding constituents of Calabar Beans.............

A. ............. Geneserine

B. ............. Physostigmine

C. ............. Strychnine

D. ............ α-colubrine

E. ............ Reserpine

2. Mineral origin of the drug ..............

A. ............ kaolin

B. ............. prepared charcoal

C. ............ Bentonite

D. ............ Talic

E. ............ Asbetos

3. Regarding .......Caffeine

A. ............ At low doses caffeine induces nervousness

B. ............. facilitates thought formation and increase the sensation of fatigue

C. ............ facilitate anxiety

D. ............ facilitates thought formation and decreases the sensation of fatigue

E. ............ Caffeine enhances alertness

4. Consider Pharmacological Actions and Uses of Alkaloids..............

A. ............. CNS stimulants e.g. strychnine

B. ............ Anticancer activity e.g. taxol

C. ............ Mydriatics e.g. atropine

D. ............ Expectorant effect e.g. lobeline

E. ............ Antiparasitic action e.g.emetine

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:

· This section consists of two (2) questions of matching with five (5) options each

· Match the items in column B with those in column A by writing the letter of the correct response in the space provided on each option. USE CAPITAL LETTERS

· Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark

· Each item from column B is used only once

1. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS

COLUMN A	COLUMNN B
1 ............ Liquorice	A. rhizome
2 ............ Clove	B. bulb
3 ............ Ginger	C. Bark
4 ............ Rhubarb	D. root
5 ............ Squill	E. seed
	F. stolon
	G. flower

2. Match the terms in column A to corresponding meaning column B 5 MARKS

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
1 ............ Gentian	A. requires (1000-2000 M),
2 ............ Thyme and Peppermint	B. require elevation
3 ............ Coconut	C. grown in the subtropics produce a higher unsaturated fat content
4 ............ Peanut & olive	D. produce less constituents when grown in higher altitude
5 ............ Tragacanth	E. needs a maritime climate
	F. lowland plant
	G. produce bitter constituents when grown in higher altitude

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS

Instructions

· This section consists of eight (8) questions

· Write your answer in the space provided for each question

· Write in a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED

1. A. Define Quinoline

B. List four Quinoline alkaloids

C. What are the biological sources of Cinchona

D. Mention two principal of quinoline alkaloids

2. a. Briefly explain Purine Alkaloids( with at least eight points)

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b. Give definition of Cocoa and the two main constituents

3. What are the natural sources and their constituents of the following Proto-alkaloids

4. A. Briefly explain on Opium (at least four points)

B. Mention six main alkaloids produced by Opium

5. A. Give definition of Curare

B. list three kinds of curare depending on their containers and chemical characteristics

C. mention two main constituents

6. Enlist five constituents of Ipecacuahna

7. With examples, just give short explanation on why collection should be done at the right time when active constituents are at the highest levels;

8. Outline seven (7) biological sources and constituents of Phenolic ether, Phenolic, Oxide and Ester Volatile Oils

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SECTION E: GUIDED ESSSAY QUESTIONS 30 MARKS

Instructions

· This section consists of three (3) questions which are supposed to be answered in narrative way

· Write your answer on the papers provided. Each question start on a new page.

· Write a readable handwritting. DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED

1. Explain general conditions and techniques when drying medicinal plants as follows

2. Explain Natural Sources, Constituents and Uses of Lanolin and Wool Fats, Lard

3. With example,explain the following method of extractions;

Infusion

Decoction

Digestion

Maceration

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