FULL PAPER

1.      Which drug is drying as soon as possible after harvesting?

a.      Vanilla pods

b.      Gentian roots

c.       Digitalis

d.      Cocoa seeds

e.      Datura

 

2.        Which of the following vegetative method involved, an operation in which two cut surfaces, usually of different but closely related plants, are placed so as to unite and grow together........

a.      Division

b.      Cutting

c.       Layers

d.      Grafting

e.      Inoculation

3.      A simple dry fruit in which the testa and pericarp are fused is called…...

a.      Samara

b.      Siliqua 

c.       Nuts

d.      Achene 

e.      Caryopsis

 

4.       Which of the following leaf surface has rough hairs…………………

a.       Hispid

b.      Glabrous

c.       Hirsute 

d.      Puctate

e.      Pubescent

 

5.      lobate margin of the leaf  is.....

a)      Leaves have wavy margin

b)      Indented,but not to midline

c)      Leaves have saw like margin

d)      Leaves have large pointed teeth like margin

e)      Leaves have round teeth margin

6.      Receptacle ............................

a)      The flower stalk

b)      Bears the floral organ

c)      Formed from sepals and petals together

d)      Made up of petals

e)      Made up of sepals

 

7.       A fruit formed without fertilization is called………………..

a.      Ovulated fruits

b.      Pure fruits

c.       Activated fruts

d.      Parthenocarpy

e.      True fruits

8.      Regarding Umbel inflorescences

a.      In this type of inflorescence the peduncle is long

b.       This is similar to raceme, with sessile flowers

c.        In this inflorescence the peduncle is short with numerous small unisexual flowers, which are sessile and covered with boat shaped bract known as Spathe

d.       Peduncle is short, flowers bracteate, bisexual oldest flower is lower most and youngest at apex

e.       Axis is shortened and bears flowers at its top which are having equal stalk and arranged in centripetal succession

 

9.      Spongy Mesophyll………………….

a.       lies beneath the adaxial epidermis

b.        Consists of vertically elongated cylindrical cells in one or more layers

c.       Spongy cells facilitate exchange of gases with the help of air spaces

d.      Cells are compactly arranged with the chloroplasts close to the walls of the cell

e.      Main function is photosynthesis

 

10.  Which crude drug is require long storage?

a.      Digitalis

b.      Yohimbe bark

c.        Cinchona bark

d.      Cascara bark

e.      Calabar beans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS                                    (20 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·            This section consists of Eight (8) questions with five (5) options each

·            Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space provided before each option

·            All responses should be in CAPITAL letters

·            Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct response

·            Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be awarded any mark

·            There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated marks for responses with small letters.

 

 

 

1.       Consider conjoint vascular bundles..............

A.      .......... is one kind of vascular tissue( xylem and phloem) is surrounded by the other

B.      ...........when the xylem and phloem combine into one bundle

C.      .............in collateral –xylem and phloem on same radius,phloem is out

D.     .............in Bicollateral phloem on outer and inner sides of xylem

E.       ..............in Amphivasal xylem completely surrounds the xylem

 

 

2.       Phloem tissues consist of...

A.      ..............Tracheae

B.      ............ Tracheids

C.      ............ Vessels

D.      ............  Campanion

E.       ............ Sieve elament

 

3.       Collenchyma...............

A.      .............. the cells are never lignified

B.      .............. being flexible in nature

C.      .............. they are dead cells

D.      ............. Generally present in all plant organs

E.       .............. Form the ground tissue in a plant

4.       Regarding water soluble substances which can be affected with continuous rainfall.............

A.      .............. Datura

B.      .............. Tannins

C.      ..............   Flavonoids

D.      ..............Glycosides

E.       .............. Menthone

 

5.       Consider the difference between monocot and dicot root

A. ….....in monocot conjunctive tissue is sclerenchymatous in maize while in dicot is parenchymatous

B. ……..…….in dicot pith is usually large at the Centre while in monocot is absence

C. ……..…….in dicot xylem is polyarch while in monocot is tetrarch

D. …….……in monocot there is secondary growth while in dicot is not

E. …….……in dicot metaxylem vessels are generally circular in cross section while in dicot is polygonal

 

6.       Characteristics of parenchyma tissue

A. ……..…… Is the precursor of all the other tissues

B. ………….. Form the ground tissue in a plant

C. …………… Generally present in all plant organs 

D. ………….. Strengthen young organs

E. ………….. Lacks protoplasts

7.       Which of the following statements is/are correct concerning of Dicot Cortex

 

A. ……..….. It lies above the epidermis

B. ……..…… the third zone made of barrel shaped cells arranged compactly without intercellular spaces

C. ……..….. The second zone rich in starch

D. …….….. First zone consists of a single layer of parenchymatous rectangular cells

E. …….….. Some resin ducts occur in second zone

 

8.           Regarding Aerial modification of stems..............

A............... Corm

B ...............Thorns and prickles

C............... Bulbis

D. ................Offsets

E. .................Runners

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS                                    (10MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of two (2) questions matching with five (5) options each.

·         USE CAPITAL LETTERS

·         Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.

·         Each item from column B is used only once

2.      PART ONE: Match descriptions in column B with responses in column A by writing the letter of the correct response in the space provided on each option.

COLUM A	ANSWERS	COLUM B
1.............. polar protic solvents		A.      hexane (CH3(CH2)4CH3) B.      Ethyl acetate C.      Surfacants D.     Acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) E.      Acetonitrile (CH3CN) F.      Detergents G.      Ammonia (NH3)
2 .............    dipolar aprotic solvents
3 ............. non-polar solvents
4...........  liquid anhydrous inorganic solvents
5............... oxygenated solvents

 

PART TWO: Match the sign of damages in column B with examples in column A by writing the letter of the correct answer in the space provided

 

COLUM A	ANSWERS	COLUM B
1........ By offsets		A.      For the propagation of Cascara B.     specific to ergot C.     Chamomile D.    Jalap E.     Squill F.      Liquorice G.    largely used for citrus species
2.........   By suckers
3.........   By layers
4.........  By budding
5 .........    By inoculation

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS                                                   (40 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of eight (8) questions.

·         Write your answers in the space provided on each question

·         Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED.

 

1.       A. What is  Admixture method of adulteration     2 amrks

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Admixture may result from,...Mention three ways     3 marks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

2.       Outline five types of Capsules dry fruits        5 marks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

3.       A. List three forms in which a seed may be produced    3 marks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

4.       B. Mention two internal structure of the seed         2 marks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.       A. Define Hybridization method of plant breeding  1 marks

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. List two examples of natural occurring hybrids  2marks

   ...........................................................................................................................................................

 

 

 

 

6.       Outline five general conditions and techniques when drying Fruits and Seeds;     5 marks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7.       Give the function of the following plant organelles:  5 marks

Ribosomes, Centrosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Plastids

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8.       Outline characteristics of flower pollinated  by insects, wind, birds, mammals or by water 5 marks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

9.        What do you understand by the following terms;    7 marks

Perfect/Bisexual/Hermaphrodite Flower

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Imperfect/Unisexual Flower

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Complete Flower

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Hypogynous flowers

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Perigynous flowers

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Epigynous flowers

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

Actinomorphic flowers

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS                                                     (20 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of Two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in a narrative way

·         Write your answer on the empty pages of this question paper; each question should start on a new page.

·         There will be a penalty of three (3) marks if questions are not answered in essay form

 

 

1.      Explain Pharmacognostic importance of Epidermis with the following protocol ;

Shape, size and wall structure of the epidermal cells

Form, distribution and relation to epidermal cells of the stomata

Form, distribution and abundance of epidermal trichomes

2.      Explain ten factors to consider when harvesting / collecting drugs from medicinal plants