PRE

1.      Which of the following alkaloids have oxytocics effect?

a.      Vinblastine b. Tropane c. Ergometrine d. Calabar beans e. Pilocarpus

2.        Which of the following crystals Occur as feathery-like aggregates or sphaerocrystalline masses in the cells of many of the Rutaceae  ........

a.      Calcium oxalate b. Silica crystals d. Calcium carbonate crystals d.Hesperidin and Diosmin

e.      Cystolith

3.      The following is correct about Cocoa ?

a.      Cocoa kernels contain -0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 3.0% of this alkaloid

b.      Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 2% theobromine and the husk 0.9- 2.98% of this alkaloid

c.       Cocoa kernels contain 0.19 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid

d.      Cocoa kernels contain 0.9 - 3% theobromine and the husk 0.19- 2.98% of this alkaloid

e.      The seed also contains 0.5 – 0.6% caffeine, cocoa fat/butter, condensed tannins and volatile compounds

4.      Leurocristine is the major alkaloid constituent of which of the following medicinal plant?...........

a.       Ergot b.Rhubarb c. Aloe d. Rauwolfia e. Vinca

5.      Omega 3 fatty acid is among the constituents of the following fixed oil.....

a)      Olive oil b. Castor oil c. Coconut oil d. Cod liver oil e. Peanut oil

6.      An example of Terpenoid  alkaloids is .........................?

a)      Purines b. Ephedrine c. Mescaline d. Connesine e. Taxol

7.       Strichynine   is the constituent of which of the following medicinal plant ………………..

a.      Cascara b. Rhubarb c. Nux vomica d. Ergot e. Calabar beans

8.      Concrete  classification of volatile oil is obtained by........

a.      Uses solvent b. Extraction with resinous material c.  Remains after alcoholic extraction from pomades or concretes d. Obtained by enfleurage (hot or cold) d. An example is jasmine oi

9.      An example of medicinal plant which contain Silica crystal is .........

a.       Lemon b. Cardamom seeds c. Cannabis sativ d. Cassava e. Belladonna

10.  Which compound required long storage in order to avoid vomiting in fresh bark of Cascara?

a.      Aloe-emodin b. Rhein c.  Anthrones d. Resins e.Barbaloin

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS                                               (10 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·            Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and the word “FALSE”

 

1.       Consider examples of forms and size of Calcium crystals............

A............. Prism –clove B............. Bundles of acicular crystals- Squill C.............. Rosettes- Cinnamon

        D............. Single acicular crystals -Cannabis sastiva    E............. Microsphenoidal or sandy crystals- Belladonna

2.       Classification of the volatile oil basis on their functional groups...............

A.      …………. Oxide volatile oils e.g. Cinnamon B………….  Phenolic volatile oils e.g camphor

B.      …………. Phenolic ether volatile oils e.g. fennel oil D………….  Aldehydic volatile oils e.g. lemon oil

   E…………. Hydrocarbon volatile oils e.g turpentine

3.       Regarding squill .......

A.      …………. The white squill contains Scillirosides in addition to the other glycosides

B.      ………….  Scillaren A is an amorphous mixture of glycosides

C.      ………….. Scillaren B is crystalline in form

D.      ………….  family Liliaceae

E.       ………….   White squill  is used as diuretics agents

4.       Chemical characteristics of fat and fixed oils ..............

A.      ………….. They are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols or closely related derivatives of alcohols

B.      ………….  . Most vegetable oils are liquid at ordinary temperature but animal fats are solid

C.      ………….. Fixed oils and fats are soluble in ether-alcohol, few exceptions such as castor oil are sparingly soluble in alcohol

D.     ………….. Most animal products contain saturated fatty acids while most plant products contain unsaturated fatty acids

E.       ………….  The fatty acids forming the oils can be saturated or unsaturated

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS                                   (10MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of two (2) questions matching with five (5) options each.

·         USE CAPITAL LETTERS

·         Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.

·         Each item from column B is used only once

2.      PART ONE: Match descriptions in column B with responses in column A by writing the letter of the correct response in the space provided on each option.

COLUM A	ANSWERS	COLUM B
1 ………….   Pyrrole and Pyrolidine		A.      Nicotine B.      Ergometrine C.      codeine D.     quinine E.      Strychnine F.      cytisine G.     Aconitine
2 ………….    Pyridine and Piperidine
3 ………….  Isoquinoline
4 ………….  Quinoline
5 ………….  Terpenoid

 

PART TWO: Match the sign of damages in column B with examples in column A by writing the letter of the correct answer in the space provided

 

COLUM A	ANSWERS	COLUM B
1 ………….     Potassium Iodide + bismuth nitrate		A.       For ergot alkaloids and gives a blue colour B.     Give buff coloured precipitates C.     Gives yellow crystalline precipitates D.    For solanaceous alkaloids and give a violet colour E.      Produces brown or reddish-brown precipitates F.      Produces orange red precipitates G.    Produces white or yellow colour precipitates
2 ………….   Potassium Mercuric Iodide
3 ………….     Iodine-Potassium Iodide
4 ………….   Tannic Acid solution
5 ………….     Picric Acid

 

 

 

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS                                                   (40 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of eight (8) questions.

·         Write your answers in the space provided on each question

·         Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED.

 

1.       Give shortly explanation on how Supercritical fluid extraction work                                   (6MARKS)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

2.       Mention five cardiovascular use of caffeine                                                                            (5MARKS)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.       Outline four therapeutic Uses of ergot alkaloids                                                                   4MARKS

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.       Write the biological name of the following                                                                               (5MARKS)

 

Almond oil- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Linseed oil- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Coconut oil - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Cotton seed oil - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....  Castor oil -…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......

5.       List five uses of squill                                                                                                                       5MARKS

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

6.       A. Give biological sources of Lanolin and Lard                                                                      (2marks)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Mention two uses of Lanolin                                                                                               (2marks)

 

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Mention one uses of Lard                                                                                                   ( 1marks)

 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7.       Outline two groups of cardiac glycosides                                                                           (4MARKS)

 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8.       Outline natural sources of the following                                                                     (6MARKS)

a.       Bees wax …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b.      Wool fat …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c.       Ipecacuanha …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d.      Vinca alkaloids …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

e.       Ephedra …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f.        Hyoscyamus ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

 

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS                                                    (20 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

·         This section consists of Two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in a narrative way

·         Write your answer on the empty pages of this question paper; each question should start on a new page.

·         There will be a penalty of three (3) marks if questions are not answered in essay form

 

1.      Explain Evaluation of crude drugs                                                                      15MARKS

2.      Explain Ten importance of plant as a major source of drugs                         15MARKS